孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文

導(dǎo)讀：孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文 1. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文 2. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文版 3. 孔廟的英文導(dǎo)游詞 4. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文作文 5. 關(guān)于孔廟的英文介紹 6. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文翻譯 7. 英文介紹中國(guó)歷史景點(diǎn) 8. 中國(guó)旅游景點(diǎn)介紹英文

1. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文

Temple of Confucius or Confucian Temple is a temple devoted to the cult of Confucius and the sages and philosophers of Confucianism. Confucian temples are variously known as Confucian Temples (孔廟), Temples of Literature or Culture (文廟), or Temples of the Sage (圣廟). Some are also known as "Fuzi Miao" (夫子廟), after Confucius's unLatinised Chinese name: "Kong Fuzi" (孔夫子) or "Master Kong".

History

The largest and oldest Temple of Confucius is found in Confucius's hometown, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province. It was established in 478 BCE, one year after Confucius's death, at the order of the Duke Ai of the State of Lu, who commanded that the Confucian residence should be used to worship and offer sacrifice to Confucius. The temple was expanded repeatedly over a period of more than 2,000 years until it became the huge complex currently standing.

The development of state temples devoted to the cult of Confucius was an outcome of his gradual canonisation. In 195 BC, Han Gao Zu, founder of the Han Dynasty (r. 206–195 BCE), offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Confucius at his tomb in Qufu. Sacrifices to the spirit of Confucius and that of Yan Hui, his most prominent disciple, began in the Imperial University (Biyong) as early as 241.

In 454, the first state Confucian temple was built by the Liu Song dynasty of south China (420 to 479). In 489, the Northern Wei constructed a Confucian temple in the capital, the first outside of Qufu in the north. In 630, the Tang dynasty decreed that schools in all provinces and counties should have a Confucian temple, as a result of which temples spread throughout China. Well-known Confucian shrines include the Confucian Temple in Xi'an (now the Forest of Steles), the Fuzi Miao in Nanjing, and the Confucian temple in Beijing, first built in 1302.

In addition to Confucian temples associated with the state cult of Confucius, there were also ancestral temples belonging to the Kong lineage, buildings commemorating Confucius's deeds throughout China, and private temples within academies.

Structure

Most Confucianist temples were built in Confucian schools, either to the front of or on one side of the school. The front portal of the temple was called the Lingxing Gate (欞星門). Inside there were normally three courtyards, although sometimes there were only two. However, the complex in Qufu has nine courtyards. The main building, situated in the inner courtyard with entry via the Dachengmen (大成門), was usually known as the Dachengdian (大成殿), variously translated as "Hall of Great Achievement", "Hall of Great Accomplishment", or "Hall of Great Perfection". This hall housed the Confucius Ancestral Tablet and those of other important masters and sages. In front of the Dachengdian was the Apricot Pavilion or Xingtan (杏壇). Another important building was the Shrine of the Great Wise Men (Chongshengci 崇圣祠), which honoured the ancestors of Confucius.

Unlike Daoist or Buddhist temples, Confucian temples do not normally have images. In the early years of the temple in Qufu, it appears that the spirits of Confucius and his disciples were represented with wall paintings and clay or wooden statues. Official temples also contained images of Confucius himself. However, there was opposition to this practice, which was seen as imitative of Buddhist temples. It was also argued and that the point of the imperial temples was to honour Confucius's teachings, not the man himself.

The lack of unity in likenesses in statues of Confucius first led Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty to decree that all new Confucian temples should contain only memorial tablets and no images. In 1530, it was decided that all existing images of Confucius should be replaced with memorial tablets in imperial temples in the capital and other bureaucratic locations, a rule still followed today. However, statues remained in temples operated by Confucius's family descen dants, such as that in Qufu.

Worship

The state cult of Confucius centred upon offering sacrifices to Confucius's spirit in the Confucian temple.

A dance known as the Eight-Row Dance, consisting of eight columns of eight dancers each, was also performed. Originally this was a Six-Row Dance, as performed for the lesser aristocracy, but in 1477 Confucius was allowed the imperial honour of the eight-row dance since he posthumously received the title of king.

In addition to worshipping Confucius, Confucian temples also honoured the "Four Correlates" (四配), the "Twelve Philosophers" (十二哲), and other disciples and Confucian scholars through history. The composition and number of figures worshipped changed and grew through time. Since temples were a statement of Confucian orthodoxy, the issue of which Confucians to enshrine was a controversial one.

By the Republican period (20th century), there were a total of 162 figures worshipped. The Four Correlates include Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji, and Mencius. The Twelve Philosophers are Min Zijian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong, Cai Wo, Zi-gong, Ran You, Zi-Lu, Zi-You, Zi-Xia, Zi-Zhang, You Ruo, and Zhu Xi. A list of disciples of Confucius and their place in the Confucian temple can be found at Disciples of Confucius.

Van Mieu, VietnamConfucian temples outside China

With the spread of Confucian learning throughout East Asia, Confucian temples were also built in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. Starting in the 18th century, some were even built in Europe and the Americas. At their height, there are estimated to have been over 3,000 Confucian temples in existence.

The earliest recorded Confucian Temple in Vietnam is the Temple of Literature or Van Mieu in Hanoi, established in 1070. After 1397, with the construction of schools throughout Vietnam under the Tran, Confucian temples began to spread throughout the country. Well known Confucian temples were built in Hue, Hoi An, Hai Duong, and An Ninh.

Outside China, the largest number of Confucian temples is found in Korea. Temples were first built during the Goryeo period. In the time of Yi Seonggye, it was decreed that Confucian temples should be built in all areas of the nation. Although Chinese models were followed, variations in layout and construction were common, such as the building of schools in front of temples. Korea also added its own scholars (the eighteen scholars of the East) to the Confucian pantheon.

Historically, Korea had a total of 362 temples devoted to the cult of Confucius. After World War II and the division of the country, those in the north were converted to other uses. However, many of the 232 temples in the south continued their activities. In addition to temples devoted to the cult of Confucius, the Republic of Korea also has twelve Confucian family temples, two temples in private schools, and three libraries.

Confucian temples (孔子廟 kōshi-byō) were also widely built in Japan, often in conjunction with Confucian schools. The most famous is the Yushima Seido, built in 1630 during the Edo period as a private school connected with the Neo-Confucianist scholar Hayashi Razan. Originally built in Shinobi-ga-oka in Ueno, it was later moved to Yushima (Ochanomizu) by the Tokugawa Shogunate and reopened as a school of Confucianism to spread the teachings of the Hayashi school.

Other well known Confucian temples are found in Nagasaki, Bizen (Okayama prefecture), Taku (Saga prefecture), and Naha (Okinawa prefecture).

Confucian temples are also found in Indonesia, where they are often known as "Churches of Confucius" as Confucianism is a recognised religion in that country. The largest and oldest is the Boen Bio in Surabaya, originally built in the city's Chinatown in 1883 and moved to a new site in 1907. There are reportedly more than 100 Confucianist litang (禮堂, halls of worship) throughout Indonesia.

2. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文版

Confucius temple, located in qufu of shandong province in the south gate, b uilt in 478 BC in the early, is first sacrifice to Confucius temple。

Confucius temple built to the specifications of the palace, is one of China's three largest ancient architectural complexes, and the world more than 2000 model and appraisal of the Confucius temple, occupies an important place in the world's architectural history。

Qufu Confucian temple is the worship of Confucius, this temple, covers an area of about 95000 square meters。

Said to Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, in the second year (478 years BC) after the death of Confucius, lu 6 will be the house into a temple

3. 孔廟的英文導(dǎo)游詞

Zhanjiang Confucius Temple is located in Suixi, Zhanjiang. Suixi Confucian Temple, formerly known as Xuegong, was built in the Song Dynasty. It is as famous as the Confucian Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. It is large in scale and can be reached by a variety of means of transportation.

4. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文作文

今天是個(gè)好天氣，一大早，我們一家高高興興地去大成橋游玩。

我們沿著寬闊整潔的大成路往南走，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地看見(jiàn)大成橋橋頭上矗立著的兩座高塔，兩條走廊盤踞在大橋兩邊，恰似兩條騰飛的巨龍。走上橋后，走廊里那雕刻精美、栩栩如生的“孔子圣跡圖”讓你不得不佩服雕匠們的精湛工藝。站在大成橋上往下看，寬闊的河面波光粼粼。河岸上有許多翠綠的柳樹(shù)，幾個(gè)別致的六角涼亭點(diǎn)綴在那里。瞧，晨練的人們有的在跑步，有的在打太極拳，有的在打羽毛球，還有的……在享受生活的同時(shí)，也為這寧?kù)o的清晨增添了幾分活力。往南看，是高大雄偉的荷花瓣似的會(huì)展中心。往北看，是林立的高樓大廈，寬闊筆直的大成路直通向孔廟。這是一幅多么美麗的畫(huà)卷呀! 我們來(lái)到橋下，從側(cè)面看，大成橋威武地橫跨在大沂河上。大成橋是一座九拱橋，每?jī)蓚€(gè)橋洞之間都有一幅雕像，雕刻的是代表金、石、土、革、絲、竹、匏、木“八音”的古代樂(lè)器。橋洞正上面雕刻的是一種兇猛貪婪的怪獸，叫“饕餮”，傳說(shuō)是“龍生九子”之一，因?yàn)樗艹阅芎?，人們希望?dāng)洪水來(lái)臨時(shí)它能把洪水喝掉，確保大橋安全。我還驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)，每個(gè)橋墩上都趴著一只可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物，原來(lái)它叫“趴蝮”，也是“龍生九子”之一，喜歡玩水。你看它那搖頭晃腦頑皮的樣子，好像馬上要跳進(jìn)河里洗澡一樣。當(dāng)我來(lái)到河邊時(shí)，我一眼就從清澈的河水里發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾條快活的小魚(yú)在追逐打鬧。遠(yuǎn)處的水面上，幾只說(shuō)不清名字的水鳥(niǎo)在自由自在地嬉戲著。大成橋已經(jīng)成為曲阜又一個(gè)壯美的景點(diǎn)。我的家鄉(xiāng)真是越來(lái)越美麗了! 點(diǎn)評(píng): 寫景的文章不少，但是能寫出一個(gè)地方的文化韻味不是那么簡(jiǎn)單。小作者慧眼獨(dú)具，抓住了曲阜這個(gè)地方的特色，這個(gè)儒家文化的發(fā)祥地在“大成橋”這一傳承傳統(tǒng)文化又不乏現(xiàn)代氣息的建筑上又有了新時(shí)代的氣息彰顯。值得一提的還有作者能抓住主要，顧及其余，一幅生活的畫(huà)卷也描繪出來(lái)。

5. 關(guān)于孔廟的英文介紹

Confucius temple, located in qufu of shandong province in the south gate, built in 478 BC in the early, is first sacrifice to Confucius temple。

Confucius temple built to the specifications of the palace, is one of China's three largest ancient architectural complexes, and the world more than 2000 model and appraisal of the Confucius temple, occupies an important place in the world's architectural history。

Qufu Confucian temple is the worship of Confucius, this temple, covers an area of about 95000 square meters。

Said to Confucius temple was built in 478 BC, in the second year (478 years BC) after the death of Confucius, lu 6 will be the house into a temple

6. 孔廟旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹英文翻譯

Confucian temple, also called to the Confucian temple , is sacrificial offering Kong Zi and its Madame Qi Guanshi and 72 talented people's place. The Confucian temple with Beijing's Imperial Palace, the Hebei Chende city summer vacation mountain village and calls Chinese three big ancient architectural complexes. The expert delivered four speeches to the Confucian temple: The construction time most remote, greatest, the preservation most complete, the Eastern construction characteristic is most prominent. Is worthy of looking at two questions from the Confucian temple: One is Kong Zi to Chinese and even the Eastern culture tremendous contribution; Two is China has the skilled craftsman in the history.The Confucian temple beginning constructs in 478 B.C., the second year which Kong Zi died constructs the temple. Constructs temple three in the Kong Zi former dwelling, exhibits Kong Zi's clothes, the vehicle, the book and so on, "when year old offers sacrifices". All previous dynasties emperor all has the extension to the Confucian temple, counts overhaul 15, center repairs 31 times, the minor repair several hundred time achieves present the scale. The Confucian temple imitates system of the imperial palace construction, divides three groups layouts, nine courtyards, have altogether had house 466, gate pavilion 54, the thing relatively pass through in an axle wire, has nearly thousand, 327.5 Chinese acres, long amounts to two Chinese miles 150 meters. Now saw the Confucian temple is the bright Hongzhi year scale. After the liberation the country allocates funds to service the protection many times. Our country first batch announcement nation key cultural relic preservation organ, in December, 1994 included the world culture inheritance, becomes cultural relic unit which the United Nations protected, Confucian temple construction time remote, scale great, integrity of the preserved really was the world to be rare.

7. 英文介紹中國(guó)歷史景點(diǎn)

井岡山英文導(dǎo)游詞

　　Welcome to here! I am your tour guide, my name is x, you can call me little x. For a fun filled visit to in order to facilitate everyone, let me first introduce you

　　We first came to the main - the finger peak of the jinggang mountains. It has five peaks just like five fingers. Five peaks refers to the peak in CiPing six kilometers to the southwest, is 1586 meters above sea level. Waterfall scenic hills overlapping peaks, ravines crossbar, exhibition chain, especially rich plant and animal species, is a mountain, water, forests, caves, birds and animals of the original dark show scenic spots.

　　To the left of the nozzle in the finger peak and CiPing nine kilometers. Where there are beautiful scenery, fresh air, especially in quxi rhododendron forest valley, bitan overlapping peaks, and to win. Attractions shuikou river valley, Taurus paddle, hundred fold springs, rainbow organ (dragon), lock longtan waterfall, hidden rock star, longmen, etc. Organ is one of the most spectacular is the dragon, dragon waterfall waterfall from more than 70 meters of cloth of cascades down, line became the impact of water flow. I will take you visit here, see you next time!

8. 中國(guó)旅游景點(diǎn)介紹英文

The Yellow Mountain (黃山）

The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountians in China.It lies in the south of the Anhui. Every year thousands of Chinses and foreigners pay a visit there. It's not far from here. It takes you get there by bus. You can also go there by train or by plane. While you are climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of the clouds, wonderous pines and unique rocks aroud you. In the early morning when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful. It's really a nice place to visit.

大意： 位于安徽省南部,是中國(guó)著名的旅游勝地.每年有大批的中國(guó)游客和外國(guó)游客前去觀光旅游.可以乘汽車,也可以乘火車或飛機(jī)去.登山便可以領(lǐng)略云海,奇松,怪石等秀麗的風(fēng)景及其清晨美麗的日出.

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